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but
Advanced Chunks – Category 2

Meaning

introduces a contrast or exception to the preceding idea

Primary Function

Contrastive/adversative connector

Communicative Purpose

To signal an opposite, unexpected, or qualifying point

Pattern

but

Core Structure

but

Função primária

Contrastive/adversative connector

Propósito comunicativo

To signal an opposite, unexpected, or qualifying point

Situações de gatilho

Everyday dialogue, argumentation, clarifying a misunderstanding

Contextos

Universal, all registers; more common in spoken than formal academic writing

Padrão

but

Estrutura central

but

Slots de substituição

none

Colocados típicos

  • I
  • it
  • there

Substituições comuns

  • however
  • yet
  • although

Erros comuns

Starting a sentence with But in formal academic writing; using but after although in the same sentence

Similar / contraste

however, yet, though

Interferências

Double marking, such as although but, is common for many L1 backgrounds

Família do chunk

  • contrastive connectors

Nuance

But is direct and neutral, without the formal weight of however

Efeito pragmático

Simple contradiction, widely acceptable in speech

Dica de memória

I'd love to come, but I'm busy

Nota

Contrastive connector used to introduce an opposing idea or exception.

Upgrade path

but to however to nevertheless

Frequência: Very highFormulaicidade: FixedTipo de construção: Discourse markerPrioridade de aquisição: Automatic productionPrioridade de output: BothTag de espaçamento: Immediate

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